MSC - Memory System Controller

Description

Memory System Controller API.

Contains functions to control the MSC, primarily the Flash. Users can perform Flash memory write and erase operations, as well as optimization of the CPU instruction fetch interface for the application. Available instruction fetch features depends on the MCU or SoC family, but features such as instruction pre-fetch, cache, and configurable branch prediction are typically available.

Note
Flash wait-state configuration is handled by CMU - Clock Management Unit . When core clock configuration is changed by a call to functions such as CMU_ClockSelectSet() or CMU_HFRCOBandSet() , then Flash wait-state configuration is also updated.

MSC resets into a safe state. To initialize the instruction interface to recommended settings:

Note
The optimal configuration is highly application dependent. Performance benchmarking is supported by most families. See MSC_StartCacheMeasurement() and MSC_GetCacheMeasurement() for more details.
The flash write and erase runs from RAM on the EFM32G devices. On all other devices the flash write and erase functions run from flash.
Flash erase may add ms of delay to interrupt latency if executing from Flash.

Flash write and erase operations are supported by MSC_WriteWord() , MSC_ErasePage() , and MSC_MassErase() . Mass erase is supported for MCU and SoC families with larger Flash sizes.

Note
MSC_Init() must be called prior to any Flash write or erase operation.

The following steps are necessary to perform a page erase and write:

uint32_t * userDataPage = (uint32_t *) USERDATA_BASE;
uint32_t userData[] = {
0x01020304,
0x05060708
};
MSC_ErasePage (userDataPage);
MSC_WriteWord (userDataPage, userData, sizeof (userData));

Data Structures

struct MSC_ExecConfig_TypeDef
Code execution configuration.
struct MSC_EccConfig_TypeDef
ECC configuration.

Functions

void MSC_IntClear (uint32_t flags)
Clear one or more pending MSC interrupts.
void MSC_IntDisable (uint32_t flags)
Disable one or more MSC interrupts.
void MSC_IntEnable (uint32_t flags)
Enable one or more MSC interrupts.
uint32_t MSC_IntGet (void)
Get pending MSC interrupt flags.
uint32_t MSC_IntGetEnabled (void)
Get enabled and pending MSC interrupt flags.
void MSC_IntSet (uint32_t flags)
Set one or more pending MSC interrupts from SW.
void MSC_StartCacheMeasurement (void)
Starts measuring cache hit ratio.
int32_t MSC_GetCacheMeasurement (void)
Stops measuring hit rate.
void MSC_FlushCache (void)
Flush contents of instruction cache.
void MSC_EnableCache (bool enable)
Enable or disable instruction cache functionality.
void MSC_EnableCacheIRQs (bool enable)
Enable or disable instruction cache functionality in IRQs.
void MSC_EnableAutoCacheFlush (bool enable)
Enable or disable instruction cache flushing when writing to flash.
void MSC_Init (void)
Enables the flash controller for writing.
void MSC_Deinit (void)
Disables the flash controller for writing.
void MSC_ExecConfigSet ( MSC_ExecConfig_TypeDef *execConfig)
Set the MSC code execution configuration.
void MSC_EccConfigSet ( MSC_EccConfig_TypeDef *eccConfig)
Configure Error Correcting Code (ECC).
MSC_RAMFUNC_DECLARATOR MSC_Status_TypeDef MSC_WriteWord (uint32_t *address, void const *data, uint32_t numBytes)
Writes data to flash memory.
MSC_RAMFUNC_DECLARATOR MSC_Status_TypeDef MSC_WriteWordFast (uint32_t *address, void const *data, uint32_t numBytes)
Writes data to flash memory.
MSC_RAMFUNC_DECLARATOR MSC_Status_TypeDef MSC_ErasePage (uint32_t *startAddress)
Erases a page in flash memory.
SL_RAMFUNC_DECLARATOR MSC_Status_TypeDef MSC_MassErase (void)
Erase the entire Flash in one operation.
MSC_Status_TypeDef MSC_WriteWordDma (int ch, uint32_t *address, const void *data, uint32_t numBytes)
Writes data from RAM to flash memory using the DMA.

Macros

#define MSC_PROGRAM_TIMEOUT 10000000UL
Timeout used while waiting for Flash to become ready after a write.
#define MSC_EXECCONFIG_DEFAULT
Default MSC ExecConfig initialization.
#define MSC_ECC_BANKS (3)
EFM32GG12B incorporates 3 memory banks including ECC support.
#define MSC_ECCCONFIG_DEFAULT
Default MSC EccConfig initialization.

Enumerations

enum MSC_Status_TypeDef {
mscReturnOk = 0,
mscReturnInvalidAddr = -1,
mscReturnLocked = -2,
mscReturnTimeOut = -3,
mscReturnUnaligned = -4
}
Return codes for writing/erasing Flash.

Function Documentation

MSC_IntClear()

void MSC_IntClear ( uint32_t flags )
inline

Clear one or more pending MSC interrupts.

Parameters
[in] flags Pending MSC intterupt source to clear. Use a bitwise logic OR combination of valid interrupt flags for the MSC module (MSC_IF_nnn).

MSC_IntDisable()

void MSC_IntDisable ( uint32_t flags )
inline

Disable one or more MSC interrupts.

Parameters
[in] flags MSC interrupt sources to disable. Use a bitwise logic OR combination of valid interrupt flags for the MSC module (MSC_IF_nnn).

MSC_IntEnable()

void MSC_IntEnable ( uint32_t flags )
inline

Enable one or more MSC interrupts.

Note
Depending on the use, a pending interrupt may already be set prior to enabling the interrupt. To ignore a pending interrupt, consider using MSC_IntClear() prior to enabling the interrupt.
Parameters
[in] flags MSC interrupt sources to enable. Use a bitwise logic OR combination of valid interrupt flags for the MSC module (MSC_IF_nnn).

MSC_IntGet()

uint32_t MSC_IntGet ( void )
inline

Get pending MSC interrupt flags.

Note
The event bits are not cleared by the use of this function.
Returns
MSC interrupt sources pending. A bitwise logic OR combination of valid interrupt flags for the MSC module (MSC_IF_nnn).

MSC_IntGetEnabled()

uint32_t MSC_IntGetEnabled ( void )
inline

Get enabled and pending MSC interrupt flags.

Useful for handling more interrupt sources in the same interrupt handler.

Note
Interrupt flags are not cleared by the use of this function.
Returns
Pending and enabled MSC interrupt sources. The return value is the bitwise AND of
  • the enabled interrupt sources in MSC_IEN and
  • the pending interrupt flags MSC_IF

MSC_IntSet()

void MSC_IntSet ( uint32_t flags )
inline

Set one or more pending MSC interrupts from SW.

Parameters
[in] flags MSC interrupt sources to set to pending. Use a bitwise logic OR combination of valid interrupt flags for the MSC module (MSC_IF_nnn).

MSC_StartCacheMeasurement()

void MSC_StartCacheMeasurement ( void )
inline

Starts measuring cache hit ratio.

Starts performance counters. It is defined inline to minimize the impact of this code on the measurement itself.

MSC_GetCacheMeasurement()

int32_t MSC_GetCacheMeasurement ( void )
inline

Stops measuring hit rate.

Note
Defined inline to minimize the impact of this code on the measurement itself. Only works for relatively short sections of code. To measure longer sections of code, implement an IRQ Handler for the CHOF and CMOF overflow interrupts. These overflows need to be counted and included in the total. Functions can then be implemented as follows:
* volatile uint32_t hitOverflows
* volatile uint32_t missOverflows
*
* void MSC_IRQHandler(void)
* {
*   uint32_t flags;
*   flags = MSC->IF;
*   if (flags & MSC_IF_CHOF) {
*      MSC->IFC = MSC_IF_CHOF;
*      hitOverflows++;
*   }
*   if (flags & MSC_IF_CMOF) {
*     MSC->IFC = MSC_IF_CMOF;
*     missOverflows++;
*   }
* }
*
* void startPerformanceCounters(void)
* {
*   hitOverflows = 0;
*   missOverflows = 0;
*
*   MSC_IntEnable(MSC_IF_CHOF | MSC_IF_CMOF);
*   NVIC_EnableIRQ(MSC_IRQn);
*
*   MSC_StartCacheMeasurement();
* }
* 
Returns
Returns -1 if there has been no cache accesses. Returns -2 if there has been an overflow in the performance counters. If not, it will return the percentage of hits versus misses.

MSC_FlushCache()

void MSC_FlushCache ( void )
inline

Flush contents of instruction cache.

MSC_EnableCache()

void MSC_EnableCache ( bool enable )
inline

Enable or disable instruction cache functionality.

Parameters
[in] enable Enable instruction cache. Default is on.

MSC_EnableCacheIRQs()

void MSC_EnableCacheIRQs ( bool enable )
inline

Enable or disable instruction cache functionality in IRQs.

Parameters
[in] enable Enable instruction cache. Default is on.

MSC_EnableAutoCacheFlush()

void MSC_EnableAutoCacheFlush ( bool enable )
inline

Enable or disable instruction cache flushing when writing to flash.

Parameters
[in] enable Enable automatic cache flushing. Default is on.

MSC_Init()

void MSC_Init ( void )

Enables the flash controller for writing.

Note
This function must be called before flash operations when AUXHFRCO clock has been changed from a default band.

MSC_Deinit()

void MSC_Deinit ( void )

Disables the flash controller for writing.

MSC_ExecConfigSet()

void MSC_ExecConfigSet ( MSC_ExecConfig_TypeDef * execConfig )

Set the MSC code execution configuration.

Parameters
[in] execConfig The code execution configuration.

MSC_EccConfigSet()

void MSC_EccConfigSet ( MSC_EccConfig_TypeDef * eccConfig )

Configure Error Correcting Code (ECC).

This function configures ECC support according to the configuration input parameter. If the user requests enabling ECC for a given RAM bank this function will initialize ECC memory (syndromes) for the bank by reading and writing the existing values in memory. I.e. all data is preserved. The initialization process runs in a critical section disallowing interrupts and thread scheduling, and will consume a considerable amount of clock cycles. Therefore the user should carefully assess where to call this function. The user can consider to increase the clock frequency in order to reduce the execution time. This function makes use of 2 DMA channels to move data to/from RAM in an efficient way. The user can select which 2 DMA channels to use in order to avoid conflicts with the application. However the user must make sure that no other DMA operations takes place while this function is executing. If the application has been using the DMA controller prior to calling this function, the application will need to reinitialize DMA registers after this function has completed.

Note
This function protects the ECC initialization procedure from interrupts and other threads by using a critical section (defined by em_core.h) When running on RTOS the user may need to override CORE_EnterCritical CORE_ExitCritical which are declared as 'SL_WEAK' in em_core.c.
Parameters
[in] eccConfig ECC configuration

MSC_WriteWord()

MSC_RAMFUNC_DEFINITION_END MSC_RAMFUNC_DEFINITION_BEGIN MSC_Status_TypeDef MSC_WriteWord ( uint32_t * address,
void const * data,
uint32_t numBytes
)

Writes data to flash memory.

This function is interrupt-safe, but slower than MSC_WriteWordFast() , which writes to flash with interrupts disabled. Write data must be aligned to words and contain a number of bytes that is divisible by four.

Note
It is recommended to erase the flash page before performing a write.

For the Gecko family, it is required to run this function from RAM.

For IAR Embedded Workbench, Simplicity Studio and GCC, this is done automatically by using attributes in the function proctype. For Keil uVision IDE, define a section called "ram_code" and place it manually in the project's scatter file.

This function requires a system core clock at 1 MHz or higher.

Parameters
[in] address A pointer to the flash word to write to. Must be aligned to words.
[in] data Data to write to flash.
[in] numBytes A number of bytes to write from flash. NB: Must be divisible by four.
Returns
Returns the status of the write operation.
*   flashReturnOk - The operation completed successfully.
*   flashReturnInvalidAddr - The operation tried to erase a non-flash area.
*   flashReturnLocked - The operation tried to erase a locked area of the Flash.
*   flashReturnTimeOut - The operation timed out waiting for the flash operation
*       to complete, or the MSC module timed out waiting for the software to write
*       the next word into the DWORD register.
* 

MSC_WriteWordFast()

MSC_RAMFUNC_DEFINITION_END MSC_RAMFUNC_DEFINITION_BEGIN MSC_Status_TypeDef MSC_WriteWordFast ( uint32_t * address,
void const * data,
uint32_t numBytes
)

Writes data to flash memory.

This function is faster than MSC_WriteWord() , but it disables interrupts. Write data must be aligned to words and contain a number of bytes that is divisible by four.

Warning
This function is only available for certain devices.
Note
It is recommended to erase the flash page before performing a write. It is required to run this function from RAM on parts that include a flash write buffer.

For IAR Embedded Workbench, Simplicity Studio and GCC, this is done automatically by using attributes in the function proctype. For Keil uVision IDE, define a section called "ram_code" and place this manually in the project's scatter file.

Parameters
[in] address A pointer to the flash word to write to. Must be aligned to words.
[in] data Data to write to flash.
[in] numBytes A number of bytes to write from the Flash. NB: Must be divisible by four.
Returns
Returns the status of the write operation.
*   flashReturnOk - The operation completed successfully.
*   flashReturnInvalidAddr - The operation tried to erase a non-flash area.
*   flashReturnLocked - The operation tried to erase a locked area of the flash.
*   flashReturnTimeOut - The operation timed out waiting for flash operation
*       to complete. Or the MSC timed out waiting for the software to write
*       the next word into the DWORD register.
* 

MSC_ErasePage()

MSC_RAMFUNC_DEFINITION_BEGIN MSC_Status_TypeDef MSC_ErasePage ( uint32_t * startAddress )

Erases a page in flash memory.

Note
For the Gecko family, it is required to run this function from RAM.

For IAR Embedded Workbench, Simplicity Studio and GCC, this is achieved automatically by using attributes in the function proctype. For Keil uVision IDE, define a section called "ram_code" and place this manually in the project's scatter file.

Parameters
[in] startAddress A pointer to the flash page to erase. Must be aligned to the beginning of the page boundary.
Returns
Returns the status of erase operation, MSC_Status_TypeDef
*   mscReturnOk - The operation completed successfully.
*   mscReturnInvalidAddr - The operation tried to erase a non-flash area.
*   mscReturnLocked - The operation tried to erase a locked area of the flash.
*   mscReturnTimeOut - The operation timed out waiting for the flash operation
*       to complete.
* 

MSC_MassErase()

Erase the entire Flash in one operation.

Note
This command will erase the entire contents of the device. Use with care, both a debug session and all contents of the flash will be lost. The lock bit, MLW will prevent this operation from executing and might prevent a successful mass erase.
Returns
Returns the status of the operation.

MSC_WriteWordDma()

MSC_RAMFUNC_DEFINITION_END MSC_Status_TypeDef MSC_WriteWordDma ( int ch,
uint32_t * address,
const void * data,
uint32_t numBytes
)

Writes data from RAM to flash memory using the DMA.

This function uses the LDMA to write data to the internal flash memory. This is the fastest way to write data to the flash and should be used when the application wants to achieve write speeds like they are reported in the datasheet. Note that this function only supports writing data from RAM to flash, it does not support writing data from flash to flash.

Note
This function requires that the LDMA clock is enabled.
Parameters
[in] ch DMA channel to use
[in] address A pointer to the flash word to write to. Must be aligned to words.
[in] data Data to write to flash. Note that this argument must be an address in RAM. This function does not support copying data from flash to flash on series-1 devices.
[in] numBytes A number of bytes to write from flash. NB: Must be divisible by four.
Returns
Returns the status of the write operation.
*   flashReturnOk - The operation completed successfully.
*   flashReturnInvalidAddr - The operation tried to erase a non-flash area.
* 

Macro Definition Documentation

MSC_PROGRAM_TIMEOUT

#define MSC_PROGRAM_TIMEOUT   10000000UL

Timeout used while waiting for Flash to become ready after a write.

This number indicates the number of iterations to perform before issuing a timeout.

Note
Timeout is set very large (in the order of 100x longer than necessary). This is to avoid any corner case.

MSC_EXECCONFIG_DEFAULT

#define MSC_EXECCONFIG_DEFAULT
Value:
{ \
false, \
true, \
false, \
false, \
false, \
false, \
}

Default MSC ExecConfig initialization.

MSC_ECC_BANKS

#define MSC_ECC_BANKS   (3)

EFM32GG12B incorporates 3 memory banks including ECC support.

MSC_ECCCONFIG_DEFAULT

#define MSC_ECCCONFIG_DEFAULT
Value:
{ \
{ false , false , false }, \
{ 0, 1 }, \
}

Default MSC EccConfig initialization.

Enumeration Type Documentation

MSC_Status_TypeDef

Return codes for writing/erasing Flash.

Enumerator
mscReturnOk

Flash write/erase successful.

mscReturnInvalidAddr

Invalid address.

Write to an address that is not Flash.

mscReturnLocked

Flash address is locked.

mscReturnTimeOut

Timeout while writing to Flash.

mscReturnUnaligned

Unaligned access to Flash.